Posts
Choked Flow @ Neutrium.net
June 4, 2015Choked flow is a phenomenon that limits the mass flow rate of a compressible fluid flowing through nozzles, orifices and sudden expansions. Generally speaking it is the mass flux after which a further reduction in downstream pressure will not result in an increase in mass flow rate.
Fitting Polynomials using Least Squares Method @ Neutrium.net
May 1, 2015Approximating a dataset using a polynomial equation is useful when conducting engineering calculations as it allows results to be quickly updated when inputs change without the need for manual lookup of the dataset. The most common method to generate a polynomial equation from a given data set is the least squares method. This article demonstrates how to generate a polynomial curve fit using the least squares method.
Types of Thermodynamic Process @ Neutrium.net
February 7, 2015When examining thermodynamic processes some simplifying assumptions may be applied to help describe and analyse a given system. These simplifications can be viewed as ‘ideal’ thermodynamic processes and include adiabatic, isenthalpic, isentropic, isobaric, isochoric, isothermal, isentropic, polytropic and reversible processes. This article provides a brief overview of each process type and suitability to a given thermodynamic system.
Erosional Velocity for Gas-Liquid Multiphase Flow @ Neutrium.net
February 4, 2015The flow of a gas-liquid multiphase system may cause erosion if velocities are high. This article presents an empirical relationship for estimating whether erosion will occur in a system at a certain velocity.
Joukowsky Equation @ Neutrium.net
November 14, 2014The Joukowsky equation is a method of determining the surge pressures that will be experienced in a fluid piping system. When a fluid in motion is forced to either stop or change direction suddenly a pressure wave will be generated and propagated through the fluid. This pressure wave is commonly referred to as fluid hammer (also known as water hammer, surge or hydraulic shock) and typically occurs in piping systems when a valve is suddenly closed, isolating the line. The resultant surge pressures are complex to characterise but for simple systems they may be calculated using the Joukowsky equation.
Flow in Open Channels and Partially Filled Pipes @ Neutrium.net
October 29, 2014The transport of fluid under gravity is often achieved using partially filled pipes, channels, flumes, ditches and streams. To determine the slope and elevation change required or the flow rate that is achievable one must be able to calculate the head loss and friction factor. This article provides relationships for the calculation of head loss and friction factor for fluids flowing via these conduits.
Manning Characteristic Roughness @ Neutrium.net
October 29, 2014The Manning Characteristic Roughness is used to characterise the surfaces over which water can flow in streams, channels, ditches and flumes. This article presents a reference of roughness values for many common materials of construction for channels and natural formations of streams.
Mach Number @ Neutrium.net
October 22, 2014The Mach number is the ratio of the relative velocity of a fluid to the local speed of sound. This article provides the equation for the calculation of the Mach number and a discussion of its uses.
Speed of Sound in Fluids and Fluid in Pipes @ Neutrium.net
October 22, 2014This article provides the formulae for the calculation of speed of sound in fluids and fluid filled circular pipes. The speed of sounds is important in piping systems for the calculation of choked flow for gases and pressure transient analysis of liquid filled systems.
Bulk Modulus of Elasticity of Liquids @ Neutrium.net
October 17, 2014The bulk modulus or elasticity is a measure of the resistance to compression of a substance. This article presents the bulk modulus for various liquids.