Engineering
Ideal Gas Law @ Neutrium.net
June 18, 2012The ideal gas law is used to relate volume, pressure and temperature for gases. The ideal gas law is an approximation and is generally more accurate at mild temperatures and pressures. The properties of gases increasingly deviate from ideal as conditions become more extreme, i.e. low temperature or high pressure. In these cases a compressibility factor may be used to correct for non-ideal behaviour when using the ideal gas relationship.
Conversion of Standard Volumetric Flow Rates of Gas @ Neutrium.net
May 26, 2012Standard volumetric flow rates of a fluid are the equivalent of actual volumetric flow rates in the sense that they have an equal mass flow rate. This identity makes standard volumetric flow appropriate providing a common baseline for comparison of volumetric gas flow rate measurements at different conditions. This article outlines how to convert between standard and actual volumetric flow rates.
Absolute Roughness of Pipe Material @ Neutrium.net
May 19, 2012Absolute roughness is a measure of the surface roughness of a material which a fluid may flow over. Absolute roughness is important when calculating pressure drop particularly in the turbulent flow regime. This article provides some typical absolute roughness values for common conduit materials.
Pressure Loss from Fittings - Equivalent Length Method @ Neutrium.net
May 10, 2012Fittings such as elbows, tees and valves represent a significant component of the pressure loss in most pipe systems. This article details the calculation of pressure losses through pipe fittings and some minor equipment using the equivalent length method. The strength of the equivalent length method is that it is very simple to calculate. The weakness of the equivalent length method is that it is not as accurate as other methods unless very detailed tabulated data is available.
Converting Between Spherical and Cartesian Co-ordinate Systems @ Neutrium.net
May 9, 2012When working on problems in three dimensional space it is often required convert between two or more co-ordinate systems. This article presents the formulae to convert between Cartesian and Spherical co-ordinate systems.
Pressure Loss Cv and Kv Method @ Neutrium.net
May 5, 2012Cv and Kv are singles values in units of flowrate that may be used to characterise the relationship between flowrate and pressure loss for fittings and equipment. This article demonstrates how to calculate the Cv or Kv values, and how to use these values to determine the pressure loss for a given flowrate.
Pressure Loss in Pipe @ Neutrium.net
April 29, 2012To determine the pressure loss or flow rate through pipe knowledge of the friction between the fluid and the pipe is required. This article describes how to incorporate friction into pressure loss or fluid flow calculations. It also outlines several methods for determining the Darcy friction factor for rough and smooth pipes in both the turbulent and laminar flow regime. Finally this article discusses which correlation for pressure loss in pipe is the most appropriate.
Pump Cavitation and NPSH @ Neutrium.net
April 22, 2012Cavitation is the formation and subsequent collapse of vapour bubbles in a flowing liquid and is often responsible for significant damage flow equipment such as pumps. This article will provide an overview of cavitation and provide insight into the identification and prevention of cavitation conditions through the calculation of Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH).
Thermal Contact Resistance @ Neutrium.net
April 15, 2012Thermal contact conductance is required to evaluate heat transfer through the interface of two materials and is dependent on a range of material and interface properties. This article provides a brief summary of these properties and a list of thermal contact conductance for a selection of metal-metal pairs.
Prandtl Number @ Neutrium.net
April 6, 2012The Prandtl number is a dimensionless number named after the German physicist Ludwig Prandtl. It represents the ratio of molecular diffusivity of momentum to the molecular diffusivity of heat.